PMKVY Scheme 2023: Imparting Skill Training for Youth Development in India

The Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) is a prominent initiative of the Indian government, which is managed by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE). The program’s primary objective is to provide skill development training to young people across the country. The scheme is designed to provide training to individuals, create employment opportunities, and increase the productivity of the workforce in various sectors. In this article, we will take a detailed look at the PMKVY scheme, its objectives, features, and benefits.

Overview of PMKVY Scheme

PMKVY scheme was launched on 15 July 2015 with the aim of providing skill training to one crore youth by 2020. The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) is responsible for executing the scheme, which extends to 29 Indian states and 6 Union Territories. The scheme offers skill training in various sectors such as agriculture, construction, healthcare, hospitality, automotive, electronics, beauty, and wellness, among others.

Objectives of PMKVY Scheme

The main objective of the PMKVY scheme is to provide skill training to the youth of the country and make them employable. The scheme aims to accomplish the following objectives:

• The scheme aims to equip young people with skills and knowledge that will increase their employability.
• To create employment opportunities for the youth by improving their skills and productivity.
• To promote entrepreneurship among the youth and encourage them to start their own business.
• To align the skill training programs with the industry requirements and bridge the skill gap in the country.

Features of PMKVY Scheme

The PMKVY scheme has several features that make it a unique and effective scheme for skill development. The features of the PMKVY scheme are as follows:

• Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL): The PMKVY scheme recognizes the prior learning of individuals and provides skill training to enhance their existing skills. This helps in reducing the duration of training and improves the efficiency of the training program.

• Short-term Training: The scheme offers short-term training programs of 150 to 300 hours, which are easy to complete and provide quick employment opportunities.

• Special Projects: The scheme offers special projects for skill training in specific sectors, such as the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendra (PMKK) project, which focuses on skill training in remote areas.

• Kaushal and Rozgar Mela: The scheme organizes Kaushal and Rozgar Melas to connect trained individuals with potential employers and provide them with employment opportunities.

• Standardization of Training: The PMKVY scheme ensures that the skill training programs are standardized and follow industry norms. This helps in improving the quality of training and making the trained individuals more employable.

Benefits of PMKVY Scheme

The PMKVY scheme has several benefits for the youth of the country. Some of the benefits of the PMKVY scheme are as follows:

• Improved Employability: The scheme provides skill training to the youth of the country and makes them employable. This improves their chances of getting a job and leads to economic empowerment.

• Entrepreneurship Development: The scheme promotes entrepreneurship among the youth and encourages them to start their own business. This leads to the creation of new jobs and helps in reducing the unemployment rate in the country.

• Industry-Ready Workforce: The PMKVY scheme aligns the skill training programs with the industry requirements and bridges the skill gap in the country. This leads to the creation of an industry-ready workforce and improves the productivity of the workforce.

• Reduced Skill Gap: The PMKVY scheme reduces the skill gap in the country by providing skill training to individuals in various sectors. This helps in improving the quality of the workforce and contributes to the overall development of the country.

• Placement Linked Training: The scheme offers placement linked training programs, which ensure that the trained individuals are placed in relevant jobs after completing their training. This improves their chances of getting a job and leads to economic empowerment.

• Inclusive Growth: The PMKVY scheme focuses on providing skill training to individuals from all sections of society, including women, minorities, and differently-abled persons. This leads to inclusive growth and helps in reducing the economic disparities in the country.

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Implementation of PMKVY Scheme

The PMKVY scheme is implemented by the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) in collaboration with various training partners, including government agencies, private training providers, industry bodies, and NGOs. The scheme offers training programs in various sectors, such as agriculture, construction, healthcare, hospitality, automotive, electronics, beauty, and wellness.

The scheme has undergone multiple iterations, with PMKVY 1.0 being launched in 2015, PMKVY 2.0 in 2016, and PMKVY 3.0 in 2021. Here is an overview of the implementation of the PMKVY scheme across these versions:

PMKVY 1.0 (Phase-I i.e. 2015-16)

PMKVY 1.0 was launched in 2015, with a target of training 24 lakh youth across the country. The scheme was implemented by the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), in collaboration with various training partners. The key features of PMKVY 1.0 were:

• Focus on Industry Relevant Skills: The training provided under PMKVY 1.0 was designed to meet the needs of various industries, with a focus on developing job-ready skills.

• Standardization of Training: The training curriculum was standardized across various training partners, to ensure quality and consistency.

• Recognition of Prior Learning: PMKVY 1.0 also provided a mechanism for recognizing prior learning, where individuals with existing skills could get certified without undergoing the full training.

• Incentives for Trainees and Training Providers: PMKVY 1.0 provided monetary incentives to both trainees and training providers, to encourage participation and ensure quality.

PMKVY 2.0 (Phase-II i.e. 2016-20)

PMKVY 2.0 was launched in 2016, with a target of training one crore youth by 2020. The scheme was implemented by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE), in collaboration with various sector skill councils and training providers. The key features of PMKVY 2.0 were:

• Focus on Demand-Driven Skills: PMKVY 2.0 aimed to provide training in skills that were in demand in the job market, with a focus on sectors such as construction, automotive, and healthcare.

• Flexible Training Models: PMKVY 2.0 allowed for a variety of training models, including on-the-job training, apprenticeships, and distance learning.

• Recognition of Prior Learning: Similar to PMKVY 1.0, PMKVY 2.0 provided a mechanism for recognizing prior learning.

• Incentives for Rrainees and Training Providers: PMKVY 2.0 provided monetary incentives to trainees upon completion of the training, and to training providers based on the number of trainees trained and certified.

PMKVY 3.0 (Phase-III i.e. 2020-22)

PMKVY 3.0 was launched in 2021, with a target of training eight lakh youth over a period of three years. The scheme is being implemented by the MSDE, in collaboration with various training partners. The key features of PMKVY 3.0 are:

• Focus on New Age Skills: PMKVY 3.0 aims to provide training in emerging and futuristic skills, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data science.

• Flexible Training Models: Similar to PMKVY 2.0, PMKVY 3.0 allows for a variety of training models, including on-the-job training, apprenticeships, and distance learning.

• Recognition of Prior Learning: PMKVY 3.0 provides a mechanism for recognizing prior learning, as well as for assessing the skills of individuals who have undergone informal training.

• Incentives for Trainees and Training Providers: PMKVY 3.0 provides monetary incentives to trainees upon completion of the training, and to training providers based on the number of trainees trained and certified, as well as the performance of the trainees in the job market.

• Focus on Entrepreneurship: PMKVY 3.0 also aims to promote entrepreneurship, by providing training and support to individuals who want to start their own businesses.

• Emphasis on Digital Technology: PMKVY 3.0 places a strong emphasis on digital technology, with a focus on developing skills in areas such as digital marketing, e-commerce, and cybersecurity.

PMKVY 4.0 (Phase-IV) Launch Soon

On 01 Feb 2023, Wednesday, during the presentation of the Union Budget 2023, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced the launch of the fourth phase of the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) with the aim of boosting the development of skills in India.

According to Sitharaman, the PMKVY 4.0 initiative will be implemented to train hundreds of thousands of young people in the next three years. It will offer courses in Industry 4.0, Covid, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Robotics, Mechatronics, Internet of Things (IoT), and Drones.

Eligibility for PMKVY Scheme

To be eligible for the PMKVY scheme, the candidate must meet the following criteria:

• Age: The candidate must be between 15 and 45 years of age.

• Education: The candidate should have a minimum educational qualification of 10th standard or equivalent.

• Employment Status: The scheme is open to all candidates, including employed, unemployed, and self-employed individuals.

• Priority Sectors: The scheme focuses on providing training in sectors that are critical to the Indian economy, such as healthcare, construction, electronics, and tourism.

• Geographic Location: The scheme is open to candidates across India, with a special focus on candidates from rural and semi-urban areas.

• Previous Training: Candidates who have already received formal training in a particular skill area may also apply for advanced training under the scheme.

Documents Required for PMKVY Scheme

To apply for the PMKVY scheme, you will need to provide the following documents:

• Aadhaar Card: This is a mandatory document that serves as proof of identity and address.

• Educational Qualification Certificates: You may need to provide your educational certificates, depending on the course you wish to apply for.

• Bank Account Details: You will need to provide your bank account details to receive the training stipend and any other financial assistance that may be provided under the scheme.

• Training Partner Identification Number (TPID): If you are applying through a training partner, you will need to provide their TPID.

• Passport Size Photographs: You will need to provide passport size photographs for registration and identification purposes.

• Other Documents: Depending on the course you are applying for, you may need to provide other documents such as work experience certificates, age proof, etc.

Evaluation of PMKVY Scheme

The PMKVY scheme has been evaluated by various organizations, including the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), Indian Institute of Management (IIM), and National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC). Here are some of the findings of these evaluations:

• Increase in Skill Development: The scheme has led to an increase in skill development in the country. According to the NSSO, the percentage of persons who received any formal vocational or technical training increased from 2.4% in 2011-12 to 3.3% in 2015-16, which is partly attributed to the PMKVY scheme.

• Limited Placement: The scheme has faced criticism for its limited placement record. According to the NSDC, only 30-40% of the candidates trained under the scheme have been placed, which is below the target of 70%.

• Quality of Training: The quality of training under the scheme has also been questioned. The IIM evaluation found that there is a lack of quality control in the selection of TPs and the training provided by them.

• Budget Utilization: The utilization of the scheme’s budget has also been questioned. According to the NSSO, only 19% of the total budget allocated for the scheme was utilized in 2015-16.

PMKVY scheme has led to an increase in skill development in the country, but its limited placement record, quality of training, and budget utilization have been questioned. The scheme needs to address these issues to achieve its objective of making India the “skill capital of the world.”

Conclusion

The PMKVY scheme is a significant step towards creating a skilled workforce in India, which is essential for the country’s growth and development. The scheme offers various training programs in different sectors and provides numerous benefits such as improved employability, entrepreneurship development, industry-ready workforce, reduced skill gap, standardized training, placement linked training, and inclusive growth. The scheme provides a platform for the youth to acquire relevant skills and contribute to the nation’s progress. The PMKVY scheme has the potential to transform the skill landscape of the country and bring about a positive change in the lives of the people.

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